Abstract
In the semiarid
and subhumid Pampean region, foliar nitrogen (N) application to wheat at anthesis
stage coincides with an erratic rainfall period, which defines yield and
quality. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of foliar N
application at anthesis on wheat grain yield and quality in the Southwestern of
Buenos Aires Province, an area characterized by variations in climate and soil
fertility, and to apply the principal component analysis (ACP) in all
variables. A total of 30 experiments were conducted from 2004 to 2012 in the
Southwestern. Nitrogen rates of 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1 were
applied at sowing and 25 kg ha-1 at anthesis. Water availability to
the crop was variable in the study period, which caused significant yield
variations. The ANOVA for all the experiments, showed no significant
differences for N at sowing or at anthesis, but it indicated a protein increase
in 25 of the 30 experiments. In all trials yield from the control treatment
ranged from 1784 to 2600 kg ha-1 and N foliar application response
from 145 to 1273 kg ha-1. The grain protein content, which averaged
132 g kg-1, increased 11% with N fertilization at anthesis. Low and
poorly distributed rainfall limited yield and foliar N response. Nitrogen rates
at sowing that produced the maximum response to foliar application ranged from
0 to 100 kg N ha-1. The most influential variables in ACP were the rainfall
of September, October and November, dry matter at Z60,soil water content at
sowing and N availability. The yield was estimated with 72% confidence and
protein with 59%. In these environments, foliar N application resulted in
variable grain yield buy it proved to be a useful practice for enhancing
protein content.
Landriscini
M.R., J.M. Martínez, J.A. Galantini. 2015. Fertilización foliar en trigo en el
sudoeste bonaerense. Ciencia del Suelo
32 (2) 183-196. ISSN 0326-3169 (versión impresa) ISSN 1850-2067 (versión electrónica)
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